Dbq Essay-European History-Assumptions on Children

During early present day Europe, youngsters were seen from various perspectives which changed how guardians decided to bring up their kids. During the 1500’s, the death rates for youngsters were high, consequently kids were seen as though they were grown-ups and valuable in the event that they endure, numerous individuals accepted that they expected to treat kids cruelly to make them solid. In the 1600’s, youngsters were raised softly as they were balanced creatures that could utilize reason.Children were seen from numerous points of view during early present day Europe to be judicious, valuable, and needing direction where these perspectives decided the parents’ decision in kid raising to acting cruelly to kind direction. Society looked for direction for their youngsters in a mindful manner. In a letter Martin Luther, a pioneer of the Protestant Reformation in the 1500’s, it is composed that his multi year old little girl had simply passed on and that he is discouraged by the misfortune. He adores his conscious daughter.As a dad and pioneer of the protestant renewal, Luther is unsettled at his daughter’s misfortune, however he cherishes and regards God removing her (Doc 2). A typical generalization about ladies is their characters and observations toward kids. Generally, the female stereotypic job is to wed and have youngsters. She is likewise to put her family's government assistance before her own; be adoring, humane, mindful, sustaining, and thoughtful. Margaret Cavendish, a duchess, a researcher, and a rationalist communicates her truthfulness and is worried of how society should get youngsters assist them with arriving at their latent capacity (Doc 9).Through the information on a philosophe, Jean-Jacques Rousseau believed that you should let kids settle on their own choices, since they will be difficult in the event that you attempt to stop them (Doc 12). Children’s Games, by Pieter Brueghel, shows the kids ingest ed in their games with the earnestness showed by grown-ups in their evidently increasingly significant interests (Doc 5). Another way individuals trained their youngsters was through thinking. Christoph Scheurl accepted kids are an extraordinary reward.He is one-sided however on the grounds that he has a child himself and is aware of the passionate connection and bond bearing a kid makes, he talks with just appreciation and communicates his adoration for his kid (Doc 1). Hypothetically however, Jean Benedicti â€Å"obligates the youngster to comply with under torment of mortal sin. † Being an evangelist, he anticipates that a kid should respect God and comply with his astuteness (Doc 7). This follows similar conditions expressed in report 10. The English Catholic Gentleman expects exceptionally of his little girl to have dependence on God and assist her with comprehension to make her changes to admit her transgressions to God.John Locke, a savant who composed â€Å"Two Treas ies on Government† composes that an individual must dissuade youngsters to their ability of comprehension. As an individual from the Enlightenment, Locke accepts individuals are sound and clean slate (clear records) where they can be instructed what to do. Changing thoughts of the1600’s into the edification considered guardians to treat youngsters sympathetic and soundly (Doc 11). Albeit a few guardians showed their kids in a thoughtful way useful for the youngster, some rebuffed their kids by putting a negative effect on their well-being.As delineated in record 3, it expresses that if a man genuinely thinks about his kid, he will whip him incidentally to make a man out of him. For the most part, Russian family units of the seventeenth century were unforgiving conditions to live under, in this manner the respectability anticipated that cruel control as a methods should better their kids. Michel de Montaigne communicates his assessment on kids in a totally different mann er however. He shows definitely no energy or love for kids. The inclination in his articles to deviate into accounts and individual considerations was viewed as adverse to appropriate style instead of as a development (Doc 6).In a collection of memoirs, Benevenuto Cellini, a metal crafter and artist, composes that he visited his child that was resulting from wedlock and unexpectedly left the kid crying as he didn’t need Cellini to leave. Since Cellini’s kid was resulting from wedlock, he will be dealt with cruelly and will be evaded as acclimated of the 1500’s (Doc 4). Concerning Henry IV, he was whipped as a kid. In a letter to the tutor Madame de Montglat, Henry orders her to whip his multi year old child each time he gets out of hand. Whipping kids was normal for individuals to do during the 1500’s.As ruler of France, Henry IV needs his child to be solid when he beneficiaries. He thinks whipping him will make him a superior individual. Youngsters were treated in various manners because of the acknowledged thoughts and perspectives of the time from serfdom, the religion, the death rates and the Enlightenment. Being the valuable blessings from God, youngsters were being dealt with compassionate and furthermore brutally as they were protests also. Various perspectives on youngsters and raising systems change from the beginning of time because of changes in common thoughts and distinctive social developments.

Music-Based Improv Games for Young Actors

Music-Based Improv Games for Young Actors Most comedy practices are expected to extend on-screen characters comfort with making characters, communicating before a group of people, and thinking and reacting quickly. Hardly any activities, in any case, are worked around melodic satire. There are a couple of explanations behind this: Melodic satire requires music, and barely any show instructors approach a piano and piano player. Certainly, you can mess with recorded music yet that is not as simple as it sounds.Musical parody requires singing, and an amazing number of youthful on-screen characters are extremely modest about singing. Those understudies who are not sure about their singing abilities may decline to take part.Musical parody doesnt by and large require a similar degree of character improvement as a straight play or even a non-melodic satire. With music and move to take up the leeway, numerous musicals have stock characters with little inspiration and scarcely any close to home qualities. So why waste time with music-related comedy? First: pretty much every secondary school in America and numerous middle schools produce musicals each spring. In the event that your understudies intend to partake, theyll need to review their melodic aptitudes. Second, music is an astounding device for building interior mood and different abilities your young on-screen characters will require whether they ever play a melodic lead. The comedy exercises portrayed here are music-related, yet they dont expect members to understand music or even to sing! Signature Music Improv This comedy action is appropriate for 2 †3 entertainers. It requires showy music to be played while the entertainers perform. I suggest a straightforward console and somebody who can play improvised mood melodies. (Nothing extravagant is important †just music that passes on various feelings.) Have the crowd individuals propose an area. For instance: library, zoo, kindergarten class, driving school, and so forth. The on-screen characters start the scene with an ordinary, regular trade: Hello, Bob, did you get that promotion?Son, I got a call from the head today.Hello, and welcome to jury obligation! When the discussion is in progress, the educator (or whoever is keeping an eye on the console) plays mood melodies. The tune can shift back and forth between sensational, unconventional, intense, western, sci-fi, sentimental, etc. The on-screen characters should then make activity and exchange that coordinates the temperament of the music. At whatever point the music changes, the conduct of the characters change. Feeling Symphony This show practice is tremendous for huge gatherings. One individual (maybe the dramatization educator or gathering pioneer) fills in as the ensemble conductor. The remainder of the entertainers ought to sit or remain in lines, just as they were artists in a symphony. Be that as it may, rather than having a string area or a metal segment, the transmitter will make feeling areas. Get familiar with how your understudies can make a â€Å"Emotion Orchestra.† Melody Spoofs It’s difficult to make unique songs. (Simply ask 80s band Milli Vanilli!). Nonetheless, understudies can venture out a tune composing profession by satirizing existing tunes. Structure the understudies into gatherings (between 2 †4 individuals). They should then choose a melody with which they are every recognizable. Note: It doesn’t must be a show tune †any Top 40 tune will do. The educator will give the melody composing bunches a theme for their tune verses. In light of the narrating idea of melodic theater, the more clash, the better. Here are a couple of recommendations: Getting â€Å"dumped† on Prom Night.Being caught in an elevator.Getting found shoplifting.Saying farewell to your dead goldfish.Finding out your grandmother is a vampire. Understudies all in all compose as a significant part of the verses as possible, ideally recounting to a story, or passing on expressive exchange. The melody could be conveyed by at least one characters. At the point when the understudies present their work to the remainder of the class, they can basically peruse the verses to the class. Or on the other hand, in the event that they feel sufficiently valiant, they can play out the recently made number and sing their hearts out!

American Fiction Free Essays

Society appears to assume significant jobs in the advancement of life of a person. Following paper will quickly feature the distinctions in subjects of three books; specifically â€Å"My Antonia,† by Willa Cather, â€Å"The Age of Innocence,† by Edith Wharton, and â€Å"A Farewell to Arms† by Ernest Hemingway. Presentation ‘Age of Innocence’ composed by Edith Wharton in 1920 is a story rising up out of the 1870s encompassing a high society couple in new York city anticipating marriage. We will compose a custom paper test on American Fiction or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now Newland Archer, a youthful attorney, anticipates his marriage with May Welland having a place with one of the wealth and best families in New York. This marriage relies upon the decision of lady settled on by Newland Archer yet this decision is by all accounts dicey after his communication with the bride’s cousin, Ellen Olenska, coming back from Europe after partition from her significant other Count Olenski. Lady has chosen to separate from the Count, a somewhat unsuitable choice for her family. Influences are chipped away at the Countess to make her arrival to the Count yet all futile. Rather, the connection among Newland and Ellen develops until as chose by the families, lamentably, Newland gets hitched to May. As Ellen consistently will not come back to the Count, the Count and her family retain all money related assistance and backing to the Countess. This epic depends on a story and characters that are encircled by their social orders controlling these characters to make the best choice as ‘required’. Albeit running from run of the mill cultural principles, Newland could get hitched to Ellen yet as the families had just masterminded the marriage of May and Newland, there was no real way to decline to the preplanned marriage and leave May, as families in those occasions were increasingly alarmed about being disfavored. In this way presumptions and ethics followed in the American culture in 1870s are tested in this novel without any judgments of these standards and ethics at all. American essayist Willa Cather composed ‘My Antonia’ in 1918. This epic is made out of five books. The story incorporates some settler families from Nebraska who move to USA to begin another life. Antonia, the principle character of the story, is the oldest little girl of a Bohemian family among the other outsider families. Jim Burden, storyteller of the story is the character who becomes hopelessly enamored with Antonia. The five books of this novel feature the life of Antonia beginning from her youth until getting hitched and turning into a mother. After a downturn based self destruction of Antonia’s father, Antonia endures a hard life on the prairie homesteads of Black Hawk, Nebraska. For the Harlings family in a town close by, she fills in as a housekeeper and a cook increasing a notoriety of the most delightful young lady around that agitates the Harlings. Larry Donovan, Antonia’s life partner escapes the town before marriage forsaking Antonia pregnant with his kid. Antonia finds an upbeat life being hitched to Cuzak having ten youngsters with him on the ranches. Jim, then again, is more youthful than Antonia however is associated with her while Antonia still accepts him as a youngster. Jim goes to school and starts examining and after a more drawn out period, despite everything having warmth for Antonia in his heart, comes back to Black Hawk and finds that she is presently a mother of ten kids and joyfully wedded. All Jim chooses to live with now is the memory of Antonia and a friendship that he has for her family. Along these lines the primary subject of this novel is change and changes of life. ‘A Farewell to Arms’ was composed by Ernest Hemingway in 1929. The story rises up out of the time of First World War, encompassing a medical attendant Catherine Barkley who experiences passionate feelings for an American officer Frederic Henry. Pessimism of fighters and removal of populaces that follow wars have been featured in the novel. ‘A Farewell to Arms’ is isolated into five books that feature the life and times of these two individuals during the war. These five books have featured changes in Henry’s reasoning about existence and universe, as Catehrine acquires request his life causing him to comprehend the significance of qualities as profound quality, pride, and respect. First book discusses the relationship in quite a while starting stages. The couple invests some energy in Milan in summers, being the subject of second book. Third book features Henry coming back to the fight unit and murdering a sergeant for which he is captured by the fight police for cross examination, where a chance of Henry being executed emerges which he escapes by bouncing into a waterway. Fourth book discusses the couple rejoining in Switzerland. The fifth book features a calm quiet life being lived by the couple until Catherine experiences discharge during work of their child that causes her demise causing Henry to acknowledge the dismal truth of death causing Henry to comprehend the significance of life, changing his skeptical way of thinking. Complexity between Three Novels An extraordinary differentiation exists between three books. ‘Age of innocence’ composed by Edith Wharton discusses the cultural guidelines being followed in New York in 1870s that incorporates a component of disfavor related with separation of a little girl in a family. Surrendering individual wants for sparing the respect and regard of one’s family is the primary topic of this story. A mindful part of society has been featured for this situation where esteems and ethics of a general public guarantee to ensure a lady inside the protected limits of her family. Separation in late nineteenth century was considered as a disrespect and a solicitation to embarrassments thought of as a danger to ladies in their future life. Then again, an association has been worked among Antonia and her encompassing society in ‘My Antonia’. No mindful part of the general public has been featured in the story when contrasted with ‘Age of innocence’. Men that encompass Antonia are appeared to adhere to no standards and ethics of their general public, as it is clear if there should be an occurrence of her first life partner escaping and deserting Antonia pregnant before marriage, making her face disgrace before the general public and her family. Changes happen in Antonia as she faces these catastrophes being separated from everyone else until life favors her with a spouse and ten youngsters giving her a serene and an ensured life on the homesteads. There is no association between the characters and their general public in the event of ‘A Farewell to Arms’. The principle reason being the foundation of the novel, as it was written in the hour of First World War when the main issue viable is sparing one’s own self from death. Wars are characterized as lamentable in this way any story rising up out of these occasions is sad. The story features a sad romantic tale that sets in the First World War encompassing an officer who surrenders his military vocation for the dread of death. Binds consider the universe being an unordered and an unprotected presence with no God to look out for with no proof of equity in the environmental factors. Ethical quality, poise, and respect are no place to be found in the environmental factors were war happens. Accentuation is given to the ruthlessness, foul play, and vanity that follows the war as Henry gets away from his skeptical contemplations about the universe being scattered with the assistance of Catherine. Henry in the novel is appeared to have a solid mistrust in God along these lines there was no confidence in confidence having a relationship with life and ethical quality. A solid skeptical conviction existed in Henry and his friends connecting it with nil presence of confidence accordingly no ethical quality, equity and no need of good guidelines in the general public. Henry is appeared to comprehend the significance of life by the manners in which he battles to get away from the cross examination and execution in the hands of the police. As the name of the novel shows, Henry says goodbye to not just the arms and his military profession by making a departure yet in addition to the skeptical way of thinking that he held about existence. Understanding that battles can be a piece of life, Henry battles to rejoin with Catherina, in spite of the fact that annihilation holds up at long last. Nonetheless, the only thing that is in any way important at long last is to understand the significance of a presence of the universe and a God. Along these lines, there is no association of this novel with the other two books, as the other two books don't discuss skepticism in the presence of universe and ethical quality. Truth be told, the characters in the other two books have been appeared to live in a general public worked around standards of ethical quality. A solid job has been recommended by the two books in the lives of its characters however there is no confidence in the public eye nor its reality on account of third novel along these lines there is no job of society being played in the advancement of the life of its characters in ‘A Farewell to Arms’. Determination There is a noticeable complexity in the three books. First tale ‘Age of Innocence’ discusses forming an individuals’ life dependent on decides and guidelines that are molded by a general public and families that encompasses him; as these ethics guarantee to secure the people. Second tale discusses the moderate advances that occur in the life of an individual living in a general public with people not following profound quality to ensure a person. In the third novel, the principle subject is an adjustment in the way of thinking of a person about existence and the universe while attempting to rejoin with his adoration while getting away from death. Works Cited Johnson, D. Claudia. , and Johnson, Elso, Vernon. The social effect of the novel: a reference control. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2002. Instructions to refer to American Fiction, Papers

The Acquisition Team Free Essays

The Acquisition Team is a data based association that is made out of a greater number of authorities than in the conventional order and-control association. Individuals from an obtaining group comprise of multi-hierarchical just as cross-utilitarian, I. e. We will compose a custom paper test on The Acquisition Team or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now temporary workers, providers, obtaining experts (Engelbeck, 2002). The focal point of this paper is to introduce the understudies choice of a business opportunity offered by the Department of Energy and found at http://www. fbo. organization/. This understudy will examine the posting and afterward â€Å"reverse engineer† the notification to make the perfect agency’s securing group that could have arranged this requesting. This understudy will likewise refer to and sum up the FAR arrangements for the development of the obtaining group, portray the nature and determinations of the task, distinguish each specialized topic required on the securing group, utilizing the â€Å"Bodies of Knowledge† outline in Engelbeck, Chapter 2, as a premise, and legitimize the association of each colleague by depicting their particular commitment to the sales/demand for proposition and later strides of the acquisition procedure. At last, the understudy will portray the means to follow and guarantee that the sales notice is finished, clear, and exact before submitting it for posting on the FedBizOpps. gov Website. FAR Provisions for the development of the securing group. The scattering of Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) in 1984 duplicated the Congress’ expectation to make a structure that was uniform for Executive Branch government contracting. Preceding the presentation of the FAR, non military personnel organizations and the protection administrations had extraordinary and self claimed set of guidelines. The FAR is arranged at Title 48 of the Code of Federal Regulations. It comprises of guidelines and rules as explained by the United States central government that administers the acquisition forms for the administration. The FAR contains the normalized systems and arrangements for acquisitions by all government organizations. After the dissemination of the FAR, the normalization objective was destabilized by the assorted organization explicit enhancements (Vacketta, 1999). The FAR authorizes the execution of about each dynamic arrangement identified with obtainment. It is additionally inside the FAR order to achieve each phase of the procedure of securing. FAR 1. 102 (d) specifies that: The capacity of each individual from the Acquisition Team is to guarantee the activity of individual activity and powerful business choice while giving the best worth item and administration that address the issues of the clients (Acquipedia, 2012). It further clarifies the extension and technique of the obtaining group. This comprises of the national government colleagues liable for combination undertakings limitation and contracting dealings including the requiring action, the paying operator group, the contracting official, budgetary administration and others. Synopsis of the FAR Provisions for Acquisition Team Opportunity: Supply of Silicon Drift Detector Summary of Opportunity is normally characterized as the event and time that present positive situation to achieve exact objectives. The subtleties of chance distinguished on http://www. fbo. organization/are as introduced beneath: a. Opportunity title/venture area: Supply of Silicon Drift Detector b. Requesting Number: RC238923 c. Office: Department of Energy d. Office: Brookhaven National Laboratory (DOE Contractor) e. [Office] Location: Brookhaven f. URL: https://www. fbo. gov/? s=opportunitymode=formid=a95ff19f0cbf7a7448fbd5503527130btab=core_cview=0 Nature and Specifications of the Project This is a momentary undertaking wherein a national government body requires the gracefully of Silicon Drift Detectors. The Contractor is required to convey 1 Silicon Drift Detector to the US Department of Energy. The venture requires fixed evaluating terms. The Silicon Drift Detector ought to be conveyed inside 180 days upon the marking of the agreement at the Department of Energy office, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Brookhaven. The timings are required to be distinguished by the COR Feb 01, 2013 11:59 pm Eastern: Provision 333 †Machinery Manufacturing/333999 †All Other Miscellaneous General Purpose Machinery Manufacturing, numerous others as specified in AMS †Form †010, fire up. 5, ought to be considered for the whole procedure associated with the sales and procurement. Specialized determinations of the Hitachi Vortex Silicon Drift Detectors are that it must have a round and hollow Snout. The length of the nose ought to be 638 millimeters. The locator must be Ultra High Vacuum perfect with dynamic identification zone of at least 500mm2. The unit must be usable indoor/open air with 12. 5 ?m window. The locator must work with power supplies working at 220-240 volts. Subject matter Required The â€Å"bodies of knowledge†, for this venture comprises of contracting, fund, building, coordinations, lawful, test and assessment and quotes as recognized by Engelbeck (2002). The specialized topics are as delineated underneath: Contracting aptitude will be required since it will encourage the determination procedure of a temporary worker or merchant of Silicon Drift Detectors. The ability incorporates relational abilities that will improve the way toward managing the client and the provider. This will help create trust among the securing group. The drafting of the agreement will turn out to be simple comparative with the task needs. Hazard assignment will be handily recognized in overseeing already to make the arrangement effective. Money related ability will be required for the undertaking in building up the financing terms and spending plans identified with the venture. This skill will encourage the valuation of the undertaking at the significant cost to be considered for sales. Building skill will be required since it will encourage the characterization of specialized specifications required for the current venture. References for in any event three effectively fabricated, amassed, tried and conveyed single-component locators with comparative complexities as the cited item should be given. Coordinations is a focal piece of the undertaking since it indicates the things and timings for the venture conveyance. It will likewise encourage the control of the stock and related expenses to be successful in controlling additional expenses. Any undertaking under FAR ought to be consolidated to the law administering the circumstance thus Legal contemplations will be basic as the terms and conditions must be adjusted to FAR. Test and assessment are as significant as some other thought since inability to make principles for the venture will make it difficult to make adequacy in the undertaking. Assessment is critical to be considered as it will encourage the future course of activities. Quotes are basic as they present the main concern of venture. All the financials identified with this task depend on quotes. The quotes are a basic factor to the assessment of the quality measures. Association of Team Members Contemporary, the coordination of colleagues is major to obtain the cited item with the necessary determinations to adequately finish the procedures and activities on schedule. The commitment of every part in the group will make collaboration. Their quality during the undertaking will go about as a positive vitality for group achievement. The contribution of each colleague depends on their subject matter: The end client is the complete colleague. For this situation, the end client is the staff at the Brookhaven National Laboratory. The staffs speak to the Department of Energy which offers significant asset for the Silicon Drift Detectors being obtained. The Program Manager will settle on sure that the following understanding meets the long-and short-extend prerequisites of the project’s strategic that the structure produce the proposed outcomes. The contracting officials will ensure that all agreement exercises consent to pertinent laws, guidelines, official requests, and other material measures including endorsements and clearances. Budgetary directors will guarantee the arrangement of data required by the group to make choices on the measure of cash accessible. The lawful direction will guarantee consistent arrangement of direction identified with lawful consistence and understanding of guidelines and laws. All colleagues will offer vital and consistent help all through the venture lifecycle. Steps for Solicitation Completion There are various advances that will be applied to ensure that the requesting notice is clear, finished, and precise preceding accommodation for posting on the FedBizOpps. gov Website. Preceding conclusion of the draft requesting, the official accountable for contracting may give a draft sales to get questions and remarks from a gathering of potential (yet not qualified) up-and-comers before discharging the last sales. This will assist with bettering refine the sales and explain any ambiguity. Posting the draft requesting will permit trade with industry as questions, recommendations, redresses and remarks that can improve the last sales. The contracting official will likewise ask for a survey of the draft requesting by the direction and task official in amicability with techniques before discharge. Upon audit, the contracting officials should then look for and acquire the finishing up endorsement from the organization initiative (Gouder, 2007). The most effective method to refer to The Acquisition Team, Papers

nothing special

nothing special Everyone is up late this weekend studying for finals. Im immersing myself in math, but I think I now deserve a good nights rest. After all, its Sunday. :-) It will be fun to spend the summer at MIT. Summer housing is available to basically any continuing undergrad the cost is less than a normal semester read more at http://web.mit.edu/housing/undergrad/summer.html. Some folks choose to spend summers at fraternity or sorority houses, whether or not they actually are members, because the costs are often far lower than official MIT housing. If you already live in a dorm, chances are that you can move into your fall room assignment for the summer. At least thats how it works at East Campus. If you dont want to stay here for the summer, theres also something called early return, where you get to come back a couple weeks early in the fall for free, in exchange for helping out with dorm rush and move-in activities. More information at http://web.mit.edu/housing/undergrad/er.html. In other news, I am having my wisdom teeth taken out next month. :-(((( Sleeptime. (While weekends are nice, they can be somewhat irritating at times, because the machine of the working world stops. If youre waiting for a meeting to be scheduled or for some bureaucratic development, its like you have to wait for this two-day pause to relieve itself.)

Global financial crisis-causes and remedies - Free Essay Example

Introduction After the collapse of the twin towers and the tech bubble the American economy was in dire need of a stimulus. The Fed under Alan Greenspan reacted to this crisis by pumping liquidity into the system. This response would have worked well under normal circumstances, since it helps in the growth of the economy, however since due to previous overinvestments in the economy the extra money was not put to productive use. The central role that finance plays in upholding the American economy led to the collapse of a few financial institutions imperilling the economic system of the country and eventually the world. Americas financial system failed in its two crucial responsibilities: managing risk and allocating capital leading to the current global recession the world in facing today. ( Stiglitz, 2008 ). This essay is structured in four parts , the first dealing with the background of the preceding years leading to the crisis. The second part tackles the causes of the financial crisis followed by the solution that can be adopted by the United Kingdom to prevent a recurrence of such a crisis in the future. The final paragraph of the essay is the conclusion that concentrates on the global cooperation that is essential for this financial crisis. The Post Industrial Society: The paradigm shift from an industrial society to a post industrial one had a major implication on the global crisis that was about to come. This resulted in a majority of the labour force being involved in the service industry rather than in the manufacturing sector. The structure of the capitalist economy was altered because more than 60% of the workforce today is employed in the service sector and less than 10% in the agriculture and manufacturing sector. This impacted the employment relationships between the large corporations and the millions of blue collared workers in the country. The long-term mutual obligations of old were replaced by expectations of more temporary attachments ( Davis,2009,p.28 ).The practice of off-shoring to countries offering cheap labour that began during that time also aggravated the problem further. This shift was reflected in the eventual bankruptcy of large auto manufacturing industries in the country. The rise in pension funds: During the 1980s most companies provided pensions to their employees through a system of defined-benefit plans that paid retirees benefits according to their tenure with the company ( Davis, 2009, p. 31 ).This changed in the early 1980s with the 401 ( k ) plan in which employees were responsible in making investments based on the options offered to them by the corporations. This change helped promote the development of mutual funds as an attractive investment option. This system came to be known as defined-contribution pension plans and resulted in the mutual fund companies becoming the most prominent owners of corporate America ( Davis , 2009,p.32 ).These companies were shareholders in many of the companies and this resulted in a complex interconnected financial system which would have severe repercussions later on the American economy. Securitization: The traditional model of banking was replaced by a system called securitization which meant that assets were turned in securities and traded in the market ( Davis,2009,.35). Securitization inthemortgage market involvesthepoolingofmortgages into mortgagebacked securities (MBSs) in whichtheholderof these securities is entitled to some fractionofalltheinterest and principal paid out bytheportfolioofloans. Someofthese securities are straight passthrough, while others are collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) or collateralized debt obligations (CDOs) in whichthepools are trenched and cash flows get paid out according to some priority structure ( Archarya and Richardson, 2009,p.62 ).Mortgage backed bonds were the best form of this system. This resulted in a tangled financial system in which there was little differentiation between traditional commercial banking and the investment banks that sprouted later. Everything from student loans to life insurance schemes got involved in the com plex American financial system. Because of this system individuals as well as corporations got entangled and were caught in the web of this financial world and were to be affected when the financial crisis hit the economy. Subprime problem : the 2008 financial collapse originated with a political effort to expand mortgage lending to consumers who could not meet normal standards of creditworthiness ( Yandle,2010,p.346 ).In an attempt to make home ownership more affordable interest rates were lowered for potential buyers and in many cases there were no checks initiated to see whether the customer was financially capable of repaying the loan. The risk assessment methods that were used by the banks were deeply flawed under this system. Borrowers were told not to worry about paying the ever mounting debt, because house prices would keep appreciating.( Stiglitz, 2008 ). However the housing bubble crashed and this resulted in a lot of home owners unable to payback the loan and the financial institutions also unable to profit from the assets that they held. Because these mortgages were ingrained and were at the core of the American financial system it resulted in a subprime mortgage problem causing the crash of the entire econom y. Proposals to prevent recurrence of financial crisis: The policies and measures that should be adopted to avoid another crisis should focus on macro and micro issues that have arisen due to the crisis. The micro management involves supervision of individual institutions and banks, whereas the wider policies at the national level should tackle the systemic problem in the financial sector in the country. Regulation of the financial sector: The framework for ensuring efficient regulation should be based upon curbing the unnecessary risk taking incentives that caused the crisis. Given their inherently high leverage andtheease with whichtherisk profileoffinancialassets can be altered, banks andfinancialinstitutions have incentives to take on excessive risks ( Archarya et al,2009, p.110 ). A strong governance from the Financial Services Authority in the UK should be adopted to prevent such practices. This should be coupled with a stringent internal governance system adopted by the financial institutions themselves to prevent collapse and bankruptcy. Because of the global scale of this problem, in terms of the British context it will be easier to implement this type of regulation if it supports the development of a single financial market within the EU. Irregularity in the implementation of regulations between the different member will undermine the effectiveness of the regulatory proposals (European Union Committee, 2008, p.11 ). State aid in the financial crisis: The bailout that has been a major government intervention as a measure to prevent the spread of the crisis. These have included nationalisation as well as recapitalisation of banks and in some cases purchase of the defaulted assets by the government. However it must be understood that these practices must not serve as an encouragement to the financial institutions to return to their old practices. This federal policy of providing aid should not encourage a recurrence of inefficient risk management decisions by firms (Poole,2007,p.149 ). The other step that should be taken by the government is too avoid infusing the economy with too much liquidity. As a lender of the last resort the government must ensure that such a solution may in fact prolong the solvency crisis. Control of the shadow banking sector: The financial crisis has been a problem of traditional banks as well as shadow banks. The government should ensure that financial trading between such institutions must be controlled. The toxic loans that these institutions dealt in should not be allowed to be spread this time around. Along with traditional banks there should be efficient regulation of the bad accounting practices and poor underwriting standards in such lending institutions within the UK by the FSA. Along with such macro policies individuals brokers should also be supervised as a micro management of this crisis. Conclusion: Given the global nature of the financial crisis the solutions that must be adopted should on a global level. Individual nations must not retreat form an international solution and try to implement regional policies. This will prove to be a setback than a way forward in tackling this problem. Consumers as well as institutions that thrive on interaction within the financial network will be thwarted by such efforts. Transparency between the various regulatory and financial bodies should also be encouraged to prevent another crisis. Involving global partners and seeking multi lateral solutions are critical if we are to reach a common goal of financial stability in the near future.

Slippery Slope of Global Warming - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 497 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/03/14 Category Ecology Essay Level High school Tags: Global Warming Essay Did you like this example? The definitive outcome of global warming is not cut and dried as is evident in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Special Report released earlier this month but it is increasingly clear that temperature increases of 2C will have potentially catastrophic effects on the human condition. This slippery slope, which is dismissed by US President Donald Trump, who continuously rejects the undeniable consensus amongst mainstream scientists regarding climate change, clearly adversely impacts the quality of life of people and things are only poised to get worse. In order to stop the inevitable disastrous outcomes of global warming beyond 1.5 C, the IPCC substantiates the contentions through qualitative and quantitative research which painfully establishes the potential high cost on the overall human condition. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Slippery Slope of Global Warming" essay for you Create order The IPCC report focuses on the impact global warming will have on humans if climate change is kept in check at 1.5C or is allowed to climb to 2C. The impact on virtually every component of the human condition if left unchecked and rises to 2C is staggering. As a whole, global warming will diminish food supplies, increase morbidity and mortality, harm biodiversity and the environment, and arguably lay the foundation for quelling current global efforts towards democratization around the world (2 STEHR). If not mitigated in the near term, the long and far reaching implications of global warming will be difficult, at best, to rectify as its deadly consequences, take for example the recent devastation caused by Hurricane Michael, one of the most ferocious in US history. (1 FREEDMAN) The irony is that by exceeding a temperature increase of 1.5C the most pronounced victims will be the people who are the least offenders, having a small footprint in terms of anthropogenic emissions. It will be disenfranchised people, the poor who are reliant on farming and aquaculture. Not only will their food and water supplies diminish, vector-borne diseases, such as malaria will flourish and biodiversity, which is core to all human’s healthy existence will be grossly impacted. According to the report, in the next 32 years alone, the number of people exposed to climate-related risks and susceptible to poverty could be limited by up to several hundred million if global warming was limited to 1.5 °C (B5.1. pg. 12) Scientists at the Massachusetts institute of Technology also found that if not stopped, conditions by the end of the century could lead to extreme heat in certain regions (e.g. the Persian Gulf to South Asia to China) that would be capable of killing a healthy person within six hours.   Conclusion In conclusion, the time is now to act to contain global warming. According to the report and other sources, though contested by some, it is advantageous for industrialized nations to act. It would not be altruistic but rather economically strategic acting as a catalyst for continued technological advancements regarding, for example, clean energy. The report relays various options to contain and mitigate the trend, from ensuring net zero CO2 emissions to potentially non-CO2 radiative forcing to negative CO2 emissions.